3ad prohormone reddit. Yes liver support is a must. 3ad prohormone reddit

 
Yes liver support is a must3ad prohormone reddit  What are the strongest PH's out these days for muscle building and fullness?RPN Havoc is a designer prohormone that helps with users gain lean mass while simultaneously burning fat

Feisty-School-5137. 1-Andro is one of the most potent prohormones that you can buy legally today. Honestly just get Test E 250mg twice a week (if you can get real gear) or if you really want prohormones get 1-Andro and 4-Andro dm me if you want to know the best (highest rated/best pricing) products. (Nolvadex or chlomid). Plan your cycles accordingly . Bottom-Kek- • 1 yr. I would say your best bet is to search around some more serious steroid boards and start researching as much as possible. popular-all-random-users | AskReddit-gaming-worldnews-news-pics-movies-todayilearned-funny-mildlyinteresting-nottheonion-explainlikeimfive-tifu-TwoXChromosomes-LifeProTips-videosThe recommended time to cycle Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals 1-AD is 8 weeks on cycle, and then another take 6-8 weeks as a break. It does have other benefits to be sure though. 254. Facebook Reddit Pinterest Email Link. Decabolin – Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals. Worldwide anabolics review, anafuse - Buy steroids online Worldwide anabolics review And in my district, 70 agree with me, she said. But m1a is pretty potent shit. 2 0 . Virtual-Comment9835 • 1 min. lol good summary. in some aspects. 1-ad converts into 1-testosterone. Life Extensions DHEA isn't a 4-andro, it's just regualr dhea. ago. I suspect DHT is in play here, and also for you. You would have testosterone base with a dht derivative and a nandrolone derivative. Enhanced Labs 3AD. 7. Androstenedione is naturally made in the. 4-Andro: around 200 mg for a maximum cycle length of six weeks. Plan your cycles accordingly . or just err on the side of caution and PCT tomorrow. The officially unofficial VMware community on Reddit. Fast forward to current date and I used them again. That aside, I'll give you two: A lot of good prohormones out right now are using 1-Androstene-3b-ol,17-one (1-Androsterone) (also known as 1-DHEA and colloquially as 1-testosterone) as a base and, if you buy it on its own, it's perfect for stacking. CLICK HERE >>> Are steroids painkillers, oral steroids – Buy legal anabolic steroids Are steroids painkillers What s the Optimum clenbuterol dosage. A sub for asking questions and sharing information on prohormones and designer steroids. In Canada, the data shows that fewer than 3% of assault disclosures are false (in keeping with the false disclosure rates of every other common crime in Canada). Pinning test would be much safer than any of those options truth be told. Compare that with the legal (in US) Andro supplements that are (Dehydroepi-androsterone) DHEA derivatives that require 2 steps to convert to. I’ve had experience with transdermal 3 AD from iconic labs and my god was the feel good on that amazing. Hi tech is much less close to a true anabolic steroid than original superdrol, but can still have some good results. The viability of PS that entered. But, unlike every. It is slightly more anabolic than testosterone while being significantly less androgenic. " yup and vice versa. shutdown isnt really a thing like people think it is, its just levels of suippression. Yes liver support is a must. Russo talks with Enhanced Labs' CEO and biochemist, Trever Kouritzin, and he breaks down the last legal prohormone, 3-AD. In the past I have run real AAS cycles but that was about 10 yrs ago, back when you could get good stuff on some of the now closed forums. Epistane 2 x daily Megatren x 2 daily. Androstenedione is a type of chemical known as an anabolic steroid. maximum gain, maximum pain cycle:. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Lab results aside, a simple google search reveals no such studies. They had a wide variety of highly reviewed and extremely potent Prohormones. I’m currently running 1-Test and Deca-durabolin by Hi-Tech Pharma…I’ll post a review once my cycle is over. Broadcom-VMware merger held up as China delays $69bn deal. ago. maybe stack it with a natty booster like DAA? 1. Superdrol is a common name often used for the anabolic steroid Methasterone. It's a popular prohormone made by Blackstone Labs and it's been a top seller for years now. View community ranking In the Top 1% of largest communities on Reddit. 3 ad is peculiar in that its actually better as a potentiator than top teir hormone. Running blackstone labs pct and apex male after the cycle of finished for 4 weeks. 5x the recommended dosage and running to 6 weeks. Check your levels pre and post cycle. Epistane is sooo much better than a million bucks worth of steel sucksforshits. u/Ikiryo_69. I’m 26 years old a little under 180 pounds and. Terms & Policies. . No. Also pct lol. eradicate- take full serving at night before bed. No. Being 40 with 150/90+ even if your cholesterol and lifestyle is optimal puts you at cardiovascular risk of >5%. Dbol, trestolone, methyltestosterone, m14aad, 4ad, the andros, fuck even cheque drops can be used for e2. As of this moment I’m on 8 week cycle 4 weeks in as of now. 3-AD is more than just a new, patented pro-hormone, its a natural adrenal metabolite with impressive androgenic potential. Each pill was 110mg, so 220mg per day. Contains 60 full strength capsules. Subjects taking 330 mg per day of 1-andro while completing a 4-week training program showed significant. Prohormones generally wreck your cholesterol/hdl/ldl ratios and im not sure of your other health markers but your lifetime cardiovascular risk is going to be >50% as it stands now. . Drugs are bad mmmKay. Obviously it’s ideal to have little, minor or temporary side effects. But honestly you should just go for the straight 1-Andro and 4-Andro compounds so you can get and know the correct dosages you’re taking and add the decabolin for the 19-nor. "Half the gains with more sides". There is no prohormone to anavar, if that's what you mean. Androstenedione is a precursor of testosterone and other androgens, as well as of estrogens like estrone, in the body. Prohormone Supplements like 1. Also, run liver support if you do a DS or prohormone cycle, and a proper post cycle therapy SERM. Although my blood work says I have low T I actually don’t look like I do. I got great results, adding 40 pounds to my max bench in 4 weeks. Considering prohormones . yes, it will act like a test booster, but it won't be the same as a PH or AAS even at high dosages. The last time i took UG was like 2017, i think they are still around but hard to get, go on Instagram and type in honwestm on search and on suggested a picture with two axes will come out click on it and they have legit stuff lmk if you find it. Oral steroids/prohormones will caue kidney and liver stress, wreck cholesterol levels, lipids, raise. 1. edit subscriptions. Quick Prohormone question. You can take dmz for about 4 weeks and use Clomid or nolva for pct. Extra_Coach_5557. if u want some actual size run monster plexx and primobolan (both hi tech pharma products) this stack will give u size. My first cycle in 2004 was with 4-AD (a prohormone for testosterone) and 1-testosterone (a legal designer steroid at the time). For increased strength on cycle, stack with Winstrol. Among its related pathways are Incretin synthesis, secretion, and inactivation and Peptide hormone metabolism. CryptoBusiness, Economics, and Finance. 3-AD is the strongest, Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) compliant androgen ever created. Looking for something that will increase gains with minimal side effects and searching for little test suppression, this search led me to 3-ad and 4-ad. 20-30 mg Is a good starting point. 3-AD, also known as 3-Androstenetriol or 3-beta-androstenetriol, is a prohormone that belongs to the DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) family. 2 more replies. 99, and for the quarter dosed 3-AD, you’re looking at $54. Starting Weight: 173. I'm trying to lean bulk I'm 260 rn and want to be around 245 to235. 19-NorAndro or 19-NorDHEA (also 19-NorAndrost-4-ene-3b-ol, 17-one, 19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone) Available Products: Decabolin®. HELP! im trying to find a prohormone that isnt steroidal and it is for cutting and gives dry hard gains and shredding and accelerates the process of muscle growth. . ago. I’ve read of some guys cruising on 200-300 mg. Best Natural PCT Supplement Overall. The president signed the bill that passed legislation and it is now in effect. Add a Comment. Also I find it strange that it's a global and not local to the virtual port-channel, but oh well. 95. it’s very anabolic ;) Boubasties • 9 mo. It’s 1 step to test, not to be confused for 4 andro. Plenty of sites out there the worst part. it’s very anabolic ;) Boubasties • 9 mo. ago. 219. I say this because I guess I don't know. Whether you liked the compound or not and whether you’d use it again. The MSTEN and 1-Andro from Behemoth Labz is legit and a fairly decent price, if you’re looking to cut I’d definitely recommend looking into them. My friend took hi tech prohormones and got much bigger and stronger while on them and he does not know how to eat for muscle growth. Both were transdermal. 1-ad converts to di hydro boldenone so its pretty strong. (debating on if i should include an ai but don’t think it’s necessary as the hi tech deca and test have no estrogen conversion) then planning to do a rad140 cycle. It is great for those needing fast weight gain and unconcerned about looking smooth or fat. Oral vs injectable steroids bodybuildingAlso you realize prohormones are literally just oral steroids right. Don't think its a good first choice. I ran Rad at 15mg/day. Week 3 – 5 sets of 10 off cycle>increase to 8-10 sets of 10 on cycle. I just had a box left from when I was on a prohormones kick but since I started real Testosterone I will never turn back. • 6 yr. Sounds useless but do a 5 minute stretching before a workout and at night. Week 3 – 5 sets of 10 off cycle>increase to 8-10 sets of 10 on cycle. Huge Nutrition Rebirth PCT (30 Servings) $69. level 1. Check out built prohormones, DMZ M1A max LMG and plenty of stacks. Wait till you fully growth up. Because they’re so liver toxic and unnatural, prohormones can often cause depression, anxiety, liver toxicity, and other nasty side effects in people. com, you will find the largest selection of Prohormones, Post Cycle Therapy, Cycle Support, and Myostatin Inhibitors at the cheapest prices and home of the $50+ free same day shipping! All of our products are non. 2. Stuff to discuss could include: Benefits/gains you experienced. The big risk with prohormones are that you get a huge amount of sides compared to the gains you will make and you are almost guaranteed to lose those gains when you stop. This advanced prohormone blend produces dry gains. The compound is a derivative of DHT and increases testosterone production. 0 is not illegal. my subreddits. . 3. It is just as the title asks, just wondering if there is a prohormone that converts to Deca after ingesting. I havent used it yet and wondering if anyone had experience with it or. 42 Because the AVP prohormone can be processed by PC1/3 in vitro 31 and in vivo, 43 and PC1/3 is highly expressed in AVP and oxytocin neurones of the. Jump to page: Results 1 to 30 of 43. I cannot exactly remember how I ran this but it was roughly. If you are going to do another cycle you should stack it with dermacrine as well which has preg and DHEA. You were at one point taking a total of 50mgs of methylated compounds. I’ve been diagnosed with low testosterone (185) and high estradiol (300+). 44Bam • 2 mo. Kind of ticking timebomb for some people. I tried Havoc for the first time in 2008. 5 comments. Like 1-Andro, 4-Andro undergoes a two-step conversion process to become the target hormone, in this case, testosterone. Arimiplex is a shit PCT, you should use a serm not an AI. Contemplating on a mk677 and 3-AD or 4–AD cycle. ago. The Chosen1 is a prohormone blend of 1-DHEA, or 1-Andro. As you know, I?m on day 10 of PCT. All in all it's not worth it . Hi everyone! I’m new here. H-drol is the most recommended beginner prohormone, simply because it works and doesn't have harsh sides. Sarms work directly on your body. ago. Hi tech is much less close to a true anabolic steroid than original superdrol, but can still have some good results. Thinking trying second bottle doing 2 pills in am and 2 at night. 44Bam • 2 mo. How to Take 3-AD Prohormone Supplement. Personally andros suck. My question is, will the Halodrol help me gain more weight and strength? And does it actually work? HELP!The u/TrackRare689 community on Reddit. 73 inches. The people talking shit about them have never ran them and spout the classic line. Was it worth it and any noticeable gains? Minimum-Weather-8263 • 3 mo. Eddeb2013. In the past I have run real AAS cycles but that was about 10 yrs ago, back when you could get good stuff on some of the now closed forums. You could ad arimistane tab in with the arimiplex, but that would be a decently high dose. You will definitely see results strength and physique as long as you go to the gym go hard and diet make sure to diet. Unfortunately they are all three in one pill so ill prolly desenegrate my liver lol but im still gonna try it, So LMK your experiences. 00. $259. Stay on top of everything to ensure you have the safest use possible. I havent used it yet and wondering if anyone had experience with it or knows any common side effects. I had low t all my life without knowing it just got tested so now I'm taking trt at 100ml weekly and I have gotten some hi tech pharm products 1- test is the one I have on hand now and did also buy the 1-ad and the deca but it's on the way . So apparently 4-andro converts 15% of it's mg dosage to testosterone. VMI Sports Arima-XD is formulated to help balance testosterone and estrogen hormone levels. ago How were the results. Designed to increase strength, mass and aggression, it's one of the best designed and bioavailable blends of prohormones. . Add to cart. You won’t see gains and strength immediately but will kick in like hell in a few weeks. I am looking at running a cycle of decalone to compliment my TRT. How to Take 3-AD Prohormone Supplement. 0 SOURCING. I don’t know anything about prohormones , aside from the fact most got banned . lol good summary. plus youre 5'10 140, you need food and exercise, not PHs I would die for Palestine 09-03-2008,. Pristine-Grape7585 • Enhanced Labs 3AD. This?prohormone?will increase muscle strength and size as well as support weight loss. A large number of natural prohormones are found in humans: proinsulin, the precursor of insulin, thyroxin, the precursor of triiodothyronine, etc. You can also run up to probably max 1,200mg. A sub for asking questions and sharing information on prohormones and designer steroids. Directions says to use sublingual I'm wondering what the difference in bioavailability is between just swallowing one and sublingual and if anyone. Nobody did study on that . ago. Prohormones vs sarms. Hi Tech Pharmaceuticals is back with one the long awaited andro prohormone for building muscle mass and strength above anything you ave experienced in the past. 3 5 comments Top Add a Comment Minimum-Weather. From the creators of Superdrol, Epistane, Blue Ox and Slin, the Enhanced Labs and Advanced Genetics team bring you their latest creation, 3AD. Halodrol is very effective and had less sides better gains than any sarm. Known in the fitness world. Epistane. Superdrol I gained 25lbs in 4 weeks. Side effects include infertility, behavioral changes, and hair loss. Yohimbine HCL. Massacr3: 2 caps preworkout. from my experience the frist couple days ur very tired but within a week it’s gone and u just get big gains bro. ago. •. Ballamane20 • 3 yr. A google search didn’t provide me much detail and I’d like to know what I’m getting myself into. VMI Sports – Arima-XD. Prohormones are are not as tissue selective as sarms and are harsher on your lipids and liver enzymes. 5aOHP Chemical Structure 1,4 OHP (17beta {3ketoethyl}-androsta-1,4-diene-3-one, 17a-ol) 1,4-OHP (chemical name: 17beta-{1-Ketoethyl}-androsta-1, 4-diene-3-one, 17a-ol) is a precursor to boldenone, so just like equipoise this particular prohormone will increase appetite and will enhance recovery. 1-Test does not go aromatize to estrogen or go to DHT. 5 comments. Sorry man just seen this but honestly if your run this take more than recommended dosage I did normal dosage at 6 weeks for a cut in a slight deficit and lost maybe 5-6 pounds no suppression but it’s a week anabolic strength gain was minimal at best. Sites that sell illegal products will have their comment deleted and account banned. Both were transdermal. Enclomiphene throughout cycle (pros): Offsets suppression which in turn eradicates the need for a PCT. So back in 2000-2001, I used OTC pro-hormones and had great success with them. HitTheSlopes95. ago. It has a unique liposomal delivery system to help increase. These supplements help suppress the body's estrogen production, a must when taking a Prohormone. Prohormone 3ad Combine equal parts of all three ingredients to create a paste, prohormone 3ad. I was planning on taking 330mg for 5 weeks. It’s 1 step to test, not to be confused for 4 andro. $ 72. 3AD is the latest in muscle building prohormones to hit the market. Despite estrogen's bad reputation among some bodybuilders, it plays a crucial role in both. 6. Correct me if I'm wrong. It does not convert to DHT, but it acts almost exactly the same. Metha-Quad Extreme – Blackstone Labs. Intermediate: Two servings 150mg (4 capsules) per day. 6-Bromo is an Aromatase Inhibitor. For those with great self control however, this Prohormone can be used effectively on a cut as it directly increases vascularity and helps increase muscle hardness and definition. u/Ikiryo_69. shop. What be good pct for me or should i not try 2nd. Hi guys I'm looking for some good info to do this safely and to get a good result. Are you looking to cut? We list the top prohormones for cutting and getting ripped in as little as 8 weeks. 453 13K views 11 months ago #Testosterone #Hormones #3AD Russo talks with Enhanced Labs' CEO and biochemist, Trever Kouritzin, and he breaks down the last legal. 1-Andro 4-Andro Epiandro 11-KT (My favorite PH of all time) You also can look at sometime like Msten but run it only for 4 weeks with NAC/TUDCA. I am new to prohormones. Knowing how 802. Enhanced 3-AD (dehydroandrosterol) is dosed at 20mg per serving. In my 40s and have years of training experience. recomp take the serving spread out between 3 meals each day. For those with great self control however, this Prohormone can be used effectively on a cut as it directly increases vascularity and helps increase muscle hardness and definition. Free Call: 925-586-0399#ironmaglabs #prohormones #burnfat #loseweightfast #superfoods #bcaa #fitness #bodybuilding #thanksgivingsale #supplementsale #blackfridaydeals #blackfridaysale #ironmaglabssale #dealsdealsdeals. I totally agree. They are not the original superdrol, which is a designer steroid, but they can be effective for putting on muscle. I looking at running a mild stack of 1 andro and 4 andro as a little extra boost during a lean bulk I have ran 1/4 andro a while back but was looking at maybe trying a TD form. but that doesn't mean it saves your liver! These are methylated compounds and need to be processed in the liver, you will sustain temporary damage. . 3K subscribers in the prohormones community. No my plan is to go on cycle while out of town coming back swole as fuck. Some experienced users also recommend an intra-cycle break of a few days just after completing the second week. I never peed brown though, or even dark yellow. VMI Sports – Arima-XD. Abnormal by Blackstone Labs. Enhanced 3-AD (dehydroandrosterol) is dosed at 75mg per serving. Cocoabuterol. Normal dhea, what people are referring to when they say dhea, is actually technically 5-dhea. •. DM me. Product Overview The Science: 3-AD™ is more than just a new, patented pro hormone, it's a natural adrenal metabolite with impressive androgenic potency!Introduction. Over the last few years the serious body builders have been using the alternative legal steroids and achieving amazing results. 5. The goal of 3-AD is total performance enhancement results. maybe2121 • 5 yr. Msten or Methystenbolan is already active oral androgen with really good. Prohormones can shut down your natural production of testosterone and a PCT is important to help get your testosterone levels to normal. 50ml bottles, providing almost 70% more volume than the standard 30ml. More. Edit: my bad, its 1andro you are refering to. As of this moment I’m on 8 week cycle 4 weeks in as of now. typical H-drol cycle is run at 50/50/75/75/75/75 mg. . We earn a commission if you click this link and make a purchase at no additional cost to you. It didn't work well the first time around and it's not going to work well this time. Special Precautions and Warnings. Epistane (2a, 3a-epithio-17a-methyl-17b-hydroxy-5a-adrostan) is a methylated derivative of Epitiostanol (Thiodrol). Massacr3: 2 caps preworkout. You are going to royally fuck up your body if you keep this up. so do your research, and if they do get any products to you, they shipped mine to Denver. History. safe cycle: 10mg ostarine, up dosage by 5mg after 5 weeks. However, there is one major difference between. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Androstenedione has been found to possess some estrogenic activity, similarly to other. 3 andro is basically an unmemorable unremarkable andro. It is so you have something converting to estrogen/estradiol in your body. ago. There'd be no point if you're on epiandrosterone because it converts directly to dht. 59 $ 48. All I know is this def works on sarms, prohormones and steroids I would like to see if someone can log using enclomiphene with them and see if they get minimum suppression like it does with sarms. 6. Soloed Rad, also soloed YK, and soloed s23. Also, run liver support if you do a DS or prohormone cycle, and a proper post cycle therapy SERM. Shop Huge Nutrition. 3AD™ is our patent-protected ingredient Androst-5-ene-3a,17b-diol. Also you see a lot of brand names that insinuate a connection to compounds they don't even contain. if u want some actual size run monster plexx and primobolan (both hi tech pharma products) this stack will give u size. You pay for what you get, great service, outstanding products and peace of mind knowing your bottle of rad 140 isn’t a superdrol/prohormone mixture or even worse a bottle of absolute fuck all. ago. subscribers . Sup3r-19 -Prohormone that converts to the highly anabolic hormone, Nandrolone (Deca) -Excellent compound for bulking cycles -Well suited for stacking with a wide variety of other compounds for any bodybuilding/fitness goal -Stacks with SARMs, Prohormones, and Natural Anabolics Characteristics: Increases size and muscleSteroid sites legit, legit steroid sources 2021 - Legal steroids for sale Steroid sites legit Ademas de la fuerza, el Dianabol tambienHow to Use It. The main ingredient in Enhanced 3-AD is right in its name with patented 3-AD (androst-5-ene-3a 17b-diol), the world’s strongest and DSHEA compliant metabolite. Honestly just get Test E 250mg twice a week (if you can get real gear) or if you really want prohormones get 1-Andro and 4-Andro dm me if you want to know the best (highest rated/best pricing) products. Epi starts to really shine towards week 3-4 so running 6 weeks would be ideal. ArnoldDwarfenegger • 2 yr. And yes to the second question. NexcessAndrostenedione is a precursor of testosterone and other androgens, as well as of estrogens like estrone, in the body. · 9 mo. Macros: 136 Fat, 305 Carbs, and 262 Protein. 1. THE TRUTH ABOUT MATRIX LABS. Each to their own though. Andro-1T brings together the power of Fusion’s Androtest and Nano-1T and brings them into one, explosive mass building stack. While these are just a sample, the key principle is that on a prohormone cycle the best way to take the advantage of their benefits is to avoid weight increases despite the temptation to do that and instead. It is a metabolite of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Previous article Next article. Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals 1-AD ProHormone Pharmaceuticals 1-AD is a Powerful ProHormone that helps to boost Testosterone without. Among its numerous obscure anabolic compounds, SUPERDROL® contains the highest dosage of prohormones to be found anywhere! Hi. I cannot post to r/steroids because there is a 90-day verification time period, and all of their information about DMZ is sparse, outdated, and mainly focuses on injected roids vs. And yes to the second question. BUZZ645. 99. Weeks 1-2: 30mg Epistane + 375mg (3 pills) Androtest every day. Hi everyone! I’m new here. I don't know if I had a bug, if it was an anomaly or if what I ordered was bunk but that's my experience to this point so far with ReceptorChem. I purchased the Activate Xtreme also, but I won?t be using it for this PCT. Other bodybuilding supplements to help with a cut are in no specific order: 3,5 Diiodo-L-Thyronine / 3,3 Diiodo-L-Thyronine. If you are looking to shed a few pounds, these are the prohormones for you. If you're already mixing prohormones you will be shut down . Blackstone uses a quality manufacturer and is a decent company. Also you see a lot of brand names that insinuate a connection to compounds they don't even contain. Whilst some research has suggested that they do in fact increase T levels, the majority does not back up the claims made by initial patents and manufacturers. If you are going to do another cycle you should stack it with dermacrine as well which has preg and DHEA. 99. Prohormones are a waste. Thank you. LGD I gained 6lbs in 4 weeks, at a relatively high dose. 1-Androsterone aka 1-androstene-3b-ol-17-one is still available on the U. It’s also twice as anabolic as testosterone. Haven't tried this brand yet, headed over to the Website now to check it out. Here's a bit about myself. Rad 140/s4 cycle and test. Stay on top of everything to ensure you have the safest use possible. Both without liver support. I have real Nolva and Clomid for my PCT. I've done a lot of PH's and like everyone else will say. For PCT I?m using aPCT from AX. Two things. SUPERdrol was a fitting name for such a powerful over-the-counter. It is just as the title asks, just wondering if there is a prohormone that converts to Deca after ingesting. They say it can be cycled for 2-3 months with 2 weeks off. Compare that with the legal (in US) Andro supplements that are (Dehydroepi-androsterone) DHEA derivatives that require 2 steps to convert to. Alphadrolone (M1A) Cycle. When taken by mouth: Cyanostane is possibly unsafe for most people when taken by mouth. My main question is can I space the dosing out, and gain less, but keep more of the gains while in the process. Too much estrogen is not ideal, but using a compound.